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Vertical Speed Control

ELM-VSC-06
Recommended Element

Vertical Speed Control

A raised roadway feature (speed hump, speed table, or speed cushion) that slows vehicles through vertical deflection, forcing a driver to reduce speed to avoid an uncomfortable jolt.

#Why this pattern exists

Signage and paint alone rarely change driver speed on their own; a physical vertical deflection imposes a real cost on speeding that self-enforces without requiring active enforcement presence. This pattern exists to document the distinct forms this treatment takes and where each is appropriate, since a hump, table, and cushion serve different vehicle types and roadway contexts differently.1

#Key considerations

  • Form should match context: cushions allow emergency vehicles and buses to straddle them with less impact than a full-width hump or table
  • Placement and spacing should be based on desired speed and roadway geometry, not applied as a one-size-fits-all interval
  • Drainage and snowplow operations need consideration in colder climates, since a raised feature can interfere with both

Rumble Strip (ELM-RMS-07) (a related but distinct calming treatment using texture rather than vertical deflection); relevant Local and Collector Segment patterns where speed control applies; Neighborhood Traffic Circle / Mini-Roundabout (ELM-NTC-46) (an alternative Local-to-Local calming treatment)

#References

  1. Precedent-based Institute of Transportation Engineers, Guidelines for the Design and Application of Speed Humps (updated edition).(opens in new tab)

Suggest changes to this page (opens in new tab) Text-only version Last updated September 26, 2026